| Thanks to the development of neurosurgery and release it as an independent discipline, the importance of neurosurgical research methods and has become possible to treat patients with various lesions of the nervous system. Suffice it to say that over the past decade in the field of neurosurgery include extensive group of vascular brain lesions of various kinds, diseases of the extrapyramidal system osteochondrosis of the cervical spine with the presence of pain and compression syndromes. Currently, the teaching neurology and neurosurgery, surgery without a course in medical school does not meet the needs of health care, since a large percentage of patients with lesions of the nervous system, requiring hospitalization, also requires the use of special methods of diagnosis and neurosurgical treatment. This was the reason for introducing the teaching of neurosurgery at medical institutions around the world. The experience of the teaching for the past 10 years has justified itself. There was a need in the drafting of a textbook, for which students already possessing basic knowledge in the field of neuropathology, could learn the basics of neurosurgery. Modern neurosurgery is one of the "new" sections of surgery and their current development for at least 100 years old. For several centuries, surgery of the nervous system has evolved in a broad line of general surgery and neurosurgery only recently became an independent discipline. History of Neurosurgery is a very great antiquity and its origins are lost in the mists of time. Before civilization developed in river valleys of the Nile, Tigris, Euphrates and Indus, in the Stone Age - the Neolithic period - about 5000 years BC. Oe. tribes roamed the territory of Western Europe and here in the graves in the XVII and XIX centuries, were found a skull with a trepan holes fairly regular oval or round shape. Trepanation of the skull with traces found in ancient tombs in South America, North Africa and Central Asia. There is no doubt that some of these trepanations was performed in living people. The study of bone skulls of this period, which is visible to the proliferation of bone after craniotomy, suggests that people lived after this operation for months and even years. Inca (Native American tribes living in present-day Peru in South America) produced craniotomy more than 3000 years BC. Oe., using stone knives, chisels and saws. |
|